ROPES(46)

Review: Tutors review with the learner what he already knows. This can provide useful information about the learner’s experiences, attitude and competence and reinforce the importance of prior knowledge and/or experience.

Overview: An overview should describe the major steps the learner will take to reach the goal of the lesson and explore how the learner may be able to use what she learns.

Presentation: The presentation phase includes both the major and minor steps that make up the content, the support knowledge, and the “tell,” “show” and “do” steps. At this stage, however, the tutor leads or demonstrates the “do” step.

Exercise: The exercise gets the learner doing. For an exercise to be effective, the learner should first be asked to practice the skill under supervision. Later, the learner should be able to do the exercise without guidance.

Summary: In the summary, the learner describes and demonstrates what she has learned and explains how she plans to use the new skill(s). The summary can be a simple matter of verbal or written questions and answers, or it can involve the learner in demonstrating her competence — a worthwhile exercise, as most people take pleasure in demonstrating a new skill.